BHP
With ignoring the kinetic pressure loss, we can calculate the pressure loss for each well segment as:
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where subscripts Friction denotes the pressure loss due to friction, Hydrostatic shows the pressure difference due to hydrostatic fluid column, and Artificial-lift subscript shows the pressure change due to artificial lift method applied to the well.
To perform pressure traverse and BHP calculations, the following data should be provided:
- Flow rates (gas, water, oil),
- Wellhead pressure,
- Well survey including measured depth (MD) and true vertical depth (TVD),
- Geothermal information such as surface/bottom hole temperatures and geothermal gradient,
- Specific information related to artificial-lift methods if applicable
The correlations to calculate the friction loss are divided into two main categories:
- Single-Phase Friction Loss Calculation
- Multi-Phase Friction Loss Calculation
Calculation of the pressure traverse is an iterative procedure due to relation of fluid properties to pressure. At a given T and P, PVT properties will be calculated and liquid and gas hold-up in each segment are calculated. Following the obtained hold-ups, corresponding friction loss correlation is called and utilized to calculate the friction loss.Single-Phase friction loss is calculated using Moody or Fanning friction factor. To calculate the friction factor, several correlations have been utilized as follows:
- Swamee and Jain (1976) (Default),
- Jain (1976),
- Zigrang and Sylvester (1982),
- Chen (1979),
- Fang (2011)
Multi-Phase correlations can be summarized as follows:
- Beggs and Brill (1973) (Default),
- Gray (1978),
- Hagedorn and Brown (1965),
- Mukherjee and Brill (1985),
- Duns and Ros (1963),
- Baxendell and Thomas (1961)
The following artificial lift methods have been implemented:
- Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP),
- Gas Lift,
- Gas Assisted Plunger Lift,
- Rod Lift

